![]() ![]() Of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or thyroid hormones (total or free thyroxine Thyroid function has been measured as serum concentrations Scale WAIS-R: Wechsler adult intelligence scale-revised WD: wordĭiscrimination WFT: word fluency test WLT: word learning task WMS: Wechsler memory Vocabulary test TMTA&B: trail making test A and B WAIS: Wechsler adult intelligence Test SRT: selective reminding test (Buschke) ST: Stroop test SVT: Shipley Immediate and delayed recall ScT: scribble test SDMT: symbol digit modalities Profile RCFT: Rey-Osterrieth complex figure test RPM: raven progressive matrices DIGIT SPAN COG LAB DEMO SERIALPASAT: paced auditory serial addition task PM: Porteus maze RBP: Rivermead behavioral List of words MHV: Mill Hill Vocabulary Scale MMSE: Mini-Mental StateĮxamination MMMSE: Modified Mini-Mental State Examination OR: oral reading IPALT: Inglis paired associates learning test LDC: letter digit coding test LMN: Luria m's and n's LW: Rotation from the Schaie-Thurstone adult mental abilities test GNG: Go-NoGo HT: Hooper test ![]() Scale DS: digit spans forward and backward of WAIS-R FMT: Milner facial memory test FR: figure Span CST: concept shifting test CVMT: continuous visual memory test d2: d2 test DRS: dementia rating Thyroid function studies are shown in Table 1.Ĭognitive domains and measures (AN: animal naming CC: cube copying CoS: Corsi's A summary of cognitive measurements used in The integration of a variety of processes and activities such as perception, imagery, memory, reasoning, problem solving,ĭecision-making, and language. Manifestations of cognitive behavior are achieved through Storage, retrieval, and use of information are referred to here by the term Mental activities involved in the acquisition, Physiological changes in thyroid function might be causally related to changes Since thyroid hormone concentrationsĬhange with age and since cognitive decline is often concomitant with aging, Lesion increasing the risk of at least some forms of cognitive decline. Brain hypometabolism therefore appears to be a precursor Low brain uptake of glucose isĬommonly associated with deteriorating cognition and Alzheimer's disease andĬan be present decades before clinical evidence of Alzheimer's disease occurs. Memory, and other higher brain functions. Sustaining the energy (glucose)-consuming processes needed for neurotransmission, Low thyroid function at any age causesĬognition to deteriorate because hypothyroidism prevents the brain from adequately That cretinism stems from iodine and thyroid deficiencies. The associationīetween thyroid hormones and cognition has been recognized since the demonstration Normal development and retention of cognitive function throughout life. IntroductionĪdequate thyroid function is essential for There is little or no consensus in the literature regarding how thyroid function is associated with cognitive performance in the elderly. Different cognitive deficits possibly related to thyroid failure do not necessarily follow a consistent pattern, and L-thyroxine treatment may not always completely restore normal functioning in patients with hypothyroidism. Mild variations of thyroid function, even within normal limits, can have significant consequences for cognitive function in the elderly. Clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism as well as hyperthyroidism in middle-aged and elderly adults are both associated with decreased cognitive functioning, especially memory, visuospatial organization, attention, and reaction time. ![]() The available data suggest that there may be a continuum in which cognitive dysfunction can result from increased or decreased concentrations of thyroid hormones. We summarize here the studies examining the association between thyroid function and cognitive performance from an aging perspective. ![]()
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